How to Train Figs as Hedges and Espaliers ｜ Pruning and Training Tips for Space-Saving Growth

Fig trees develop into substantial specimens when allowed to spread freely in open-center or vase forms, but where garden depth is limited or fence lines need efficient use of space, training as an espalier or along a trellis proves more suitable. Both methods involve planned placement and training of primary scaffold branches. They accommodate more productive branches than single-cordon training, combining good yields with space efficiency.

Situations Suited to Espalier and Trellis Training

• The property has shallow depth, and there is insufficient space to spread the tree horizontally.
• Plant along a fence or wall to serve as a screen while securing a harvest yield.
• Using a pergola or terrace shelf for dual purpose as shading and structure
• To manage branch placement for easier harvesting without a ladder and simpler installation of bird netting.

How to Train Figs as a Hedge

Espalier training spreads the tree flat across a plane by training branches left and right along a fence or horizontal support wires. At planting, cut back the main stem to 30–40 cm above ground. From the new shoots that emerge, select 2–4 that grow toward the left and right to form the framework branches, and secure them lightly to the support wires with twine. As the framework branches extend, install additional support wires at regular intervals and retrain the shoots to maintain the flat form.

Timing and Angle of Training

• The optimal time for training is during summer while branches are still green and pliable. Once they become woody, they are prone to breaking.
• When scaffold branches are bent to an angle close to horizontal with the ground, the vigor of the lateral branches emerging from them tends to become more uniform.
• Tie loosely with twine or plant tape. Allow sufficient space for branch thickening to prevent the tie from cutting into the bark.
• Thin lateral branches arising from the main framework branches, leaving them spaced approximately 30 cm apart and removing all others at their base.

How to Train Figs on a Trellis

Espalier training involves constructing a horizontal overhead framework and training branches across it to create both shade and harvest space simultaneously. The main stem is grown vertically straight up to the height of the framework; once it reaches the framework, the apex is stopped and primary scaffold branches are directed left and right. The scaffold branches are trained along the framework's lattice or wires, with fruit-bearing shoots developing downward from them. Because espalier training allows branches to monopolize sunlight and foliage to develop densely, thinning cuts during summer are essential to prevent crowding in the interior of the canopy.

Varieties Suited to Training

Both hedge and trellis training methods involve planned placement of framework branches, so varieties with relatively restrained growth and a tendency toward branching are generally easier to manage. Violette de Bordeaux, which compacts neatly, pairs well with hedge training, while Masui Dauphine, which has strong vigor and readily produces abundant branches, suits situations where rapid trellis coverage is desired. Regardless of variety, the training framework requires 2–3 years to establish, making it essential to develop framework branches deliberately without rushing.

Training and Establishment Care

After the framework branches are established, management centers on selecting and thinning the new shoots that emerge each year. Retain lateral branches close to the framework branches, and remove crowded growth or branches that run parallel to and overlap with the framework branches by cutting at the base. During winter pruning, cut back old lateral branches that have finished fruiting to the framework branch, replacing them with new shoots the following year. This approach maintains yields while keeping the canopy thin on trellises or espaliers.

Both hedge and trellis training require several years to establish the framework, but once the basic structure is in place, annual maintenance can be simplified to arranging new branches and replacing old ones. For situations where harvest yield must be maintained in limited garden space or a small area beside a veranda, consider these methods alongside standard training approaches. For comparisons with other training methods, see Fig Training Methods; practical examples with photographs can also be found on the message board.